The European Federation of Geologists (EFG) has published a position paper advocating for a Modular European Framework for Subsurface Governance to replace the current fragmented approach to regulating underground resources. As Europe accelerates its energy transition, sectors such as critical raw materials, geothermal energy, carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen storage, and industrial minerals increasingly compete for the same geological space but remain governed by separate regulatory systems. EFG argues that this fragmentation delays permitting, increases uncertainty, and discourages investment.
The proposed framework would establish common geological standards, harmonised terminology, interoperable geodata, and a risk-based permitting system while retaining Member States' authority over land-use planning and final approvals. The paper also highlights the importance of certified professional geoscientists, such as European Geologists (EurGeol), in ensuring technical quality and accountability. EFG presents its proposal as a contribution to the forthcoming review of the Hydrocarbons Licensing Directive and the implementation of the Critical Raw Materials Act and Net-Zero Industry Act.